By Eddie Vorman On Oct 18, 2023

Hamas: Exploiting Cryptocurrency for Funding Terror

As the conflict between Israel and Hamas intensifies, U.S. lawmakers are considering new measures to disrupt the terrorist organization’s access to vital resources. A bipartisan coalition of senators is promoting a bill aimed at increasing reporting requirements for American cryptocurrency users, prompted by reports that digital wallets linked to Hamas have received millions in cryptocurrency over the past two years.

Hamas, a Palestinian militant group governing the Gaza Strip, has employed a global financial network to sustain its operations, funneling support through a combination of charities, sympathetic nations, and cryptocurrencies. The use of cryptocurrency, while gaining attention as a funding source, has prompted action from both the United States and Israel to curb its efficacy. This article delves into the multifaceted financial strategies adopted by Hamas, with a particular focus on their exploitation of cryptocurrencies. Gaza

Cryptocurrency as a Terrorism Funding Source

TRM Labs, a blockchain analytics company, recently released a report underscoring Hamas as one of the early adopters of cryptocurrency among terrorist organizations. Furthermore, the report highlights the progress made by law enforcement in tracking and confiscating cryptocurrency payments. Notably, in August 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice successfully seized millions of dollars in crypto from more than 300 wallets associated with Hamas’s military branch, the al-Qassam Brigades.

Between December 2021 and April of this year, Israel confiscated nearly 190 cryptocurrency accounts associated with Hamas. However, TRM noted that since the recent escalation in violence over the past weekend, prominent Hamas-affiliated support groups have transferred only a few thousand dollars through cryptocurrency.

Cryptocurrency in Hamas Operations

Hamas has demonstrated a remarkable adaptability in its fundraising endeavors. Cryptocurrency, in particular, has become a favored channel, offering a degree of anonymity and resilience to international sanctions. In recent years, Hamas received substantial sums through cryptocurrency donations, utilizing these funds for various activities, including acts of terrorism.

Blockchain Analytics and Seizures

While Hamas may have initially benefited from the relative obscurity of cryptocurrency, it is not immune to scrutiny. The U.S. Department of Justice, among others, has been actively investigating the group’s cryptocurrency activities. In some instances, the U.S. government has successfully seized cryptocurrency assets associated with Hamas. The investigation remains ongoing and is shrouded in secrecy.

Challenges in Tracing Funds

One of the key challenges for authorities lies in tracing cryptocurrency transactions associated with Hamas. The group employs a practice of generating unique crypto addresses for each donor, making it difficult to follow the money trail. Additionally, some donors exchange cryptocurrency for cash through illicit channels, further obscuring the source of funds.

Hamas International Funding Sources

Iran’s Support

Hamas Iran has emerged as a pivotal benefactor for Hamas, providing essential resources crucial for the sustenance of its operations. Annually, Iran extends substantial financial backing, often exceeding $100 million, to Palestinian groups, with Hamas being a primary recipient. This support is executed through a diverse array of means, including the utilization of shell companies to obscure the source of funds, executing transactions via shipping routes to evade financial controls, and employing precious metals for transferring assets, thus facilitating funds’ journey while navigating sanctions. Iran’s support to Hamas remains integral, constituting a significant element of its geopolitical strategy in the region.

Qatari Assistance

Qatar, an influential regional actor, has been instrumental in providing substantial support to Gaza. This support is executed through cash transfers that are meticulously coordinated with the involvement of Israeli and U.N. officials. These transfers contribute significantly to sustaining vital public services and assisting families in need within Gaza. This indirect funding approach not only ensures a certain level of transparency but also plays a pivotal role in upholding financial stability in the region, especially during times of crisis.

Hamas’ Diverse Funding Channels

Hamas employs a multifaceted approach to funding, which encompasses diverse strategies such as cryptocurrency utilization, imposition of informal taxes, and involvement in smuggling operations. This financial adaptability not only underscores the group’s resilience but also presents a formidable challenge for those striving to disrupt its funding streams and operations, given the complexity and agility of these tactics.

Legal Implications

In the United States, legal battles are ongoing to hold Hamas accountable for its actions. The Weinstock family, who won a judgment against Hamas for nearly $80 million, is seeking to collect on that sum. The U.S. Department of Justice’s forfeiture case, which involves assets seized from Hamas-associated cryptocurrency accounts, could provide a means for the family to recover some of the owed funds. However, the case remains mired in delays, complicating the prospects for restitution. Gaza

Conclusion

Hamas’ financial operations span the globe, employing a diverse array of strategies to fund its activities. While cryptocurrency has become an essential component of its fundraising efforts, it is not without risk. Governments are actively working to track and seize these assets, making it increasingly challenging for Hamas to rely on cryptocurrencies as a primary funding source. The ongoing legal battles also underscore the determination of those affected by Hamas’ actions to seek restitution through unconventional means. As the cat-and-mouse game continues, the use of cryptocurrencies by terrorist organizations remains a critical concern for international security.